# MTG RFID Companion

A hand-held **Magic: The Gathering** companion built on an **ESP32-WROOM-32**. Tap an RFID/NFC-tagged card to a built-in reader and the device:

- renders the card's cover art and metadata on a **2.0" ST7789 TFT (240x320)**,
- flashes a **WS2812B Neopixel** in the card's mana color and plays a short **buzzer** chirp,
- keeps a **life counter** (20/40) you adjust with a rotary encoder,
- caches cards locally on **LittleFS** and refetches from the **Scryfall API** over Wi-Fi,
- runs a **SoftAP registration server** (`MTG-Companion`) so you can pair an unknown tag to a card name from your phone.

All code is **pure ESP-IDF v5.x (C) / FreeRTOS** — no Arduino.

---

## Features

| | |
| :--- | :--- |
| 🃏 RFID scanning | MFRC522, NTAG21x / MIFARE tags, 4- and 7-byte UIDs |
| 🖥️ Display | ST7789 240x320 RGB565, 5x7 text, scaled digits, streaming JPEG decode |
| 🌐 Network | Wi-Fi STA auto-connect, Scryfall HTTPS with local cache |
| 📡 Pairing | SoftAP `MTG-Companion` (192.168.4.1) web SPA for UID ↔ card name |
| 🔄 UX | EC11 rotary encoder, backlit life counter, mana-colored LED, audio cues |
| 💾 Storage | LittleFS `/spiffs` (~1.9MB) seeded with card mapping + example art |

---

## Hardware Requirements

- **ESP32-WROOM-32** dev board (4MB flash, no PSRAM required)
- **MFRC522** RFID reader (13.56 MHz, SPI)
- **ST7789** SPI TFT, 240x320 (e.g. common 2.0-2.4" breakout)
- **EC11** rotary encoder with push switch
- **WS2812B / Neopixel** (single LED)
- **Passive piezo buzzer**
- Antenna-friendly **NTAG213/NTAG215** stickers or MIFARE cards, ~3.3V–5V supply

---

## Wiring Guide

> **Do not change these GPIO assignments in code** unless you update both
> `main/hw_pins.h` and this table. The ST7789 and MFRC522 **share one SPI bus** (SPI2_HOST).

### Pin map

| Peripheral | Function | ESP32 GPIO | Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :---: | :--- |
| **Shared SPI** | SCK | **18** | SPI2_HOST (VSPI), 1 MHz modules |
| | MOSI | **23** | |
| | MISO | **19** | |
| **MFRC522** | SDA (CS) | **5** | dedicated chip select |
| | RST | **22** | hard reset |
| | 3.3V / GND | — | feed from board 3.3V rail |
| **ST7789** (7-pin) | CS | **15** | dedicated chip select |
| | DC | **2** | data/command |
| | RST | **4** | panel reset |
| | SDA | **23** | shared MOSI (data) |
| | SCL | **18** | shared SCK (clock) |
| | VCC / GND | 3.3V / GND | panel power (no separate LED pin) |
| **EC11** | CLK | **32** | interrupt input, pull-up |
| | DT | **33** | quadrature B |
| | SW | **25** | button, active low, pull-up |
| **WS2812B** | DIN | **27** | RMT Tx; supply 5V/VDD, GND common |
| **Buzzer** | SIG | **14** | LEDC PWM |

### Suggested breadboard layout

```
        ESP32-WROOM-32
  ┌────────────────────────────┐
  │ 3V3  18 ── SCK ──┐         │
  │ GND  23 ── MOSI ─┼─────┐   │
  │       19 ── MISO ─┘     │   │
  │        5 ── SDA ───────┤ MFRC522 22 ── RST
  │       22 ── RST ───────┤        3V3/GND
  │       15 ── CS ────────┤ ST7789 (7-pin)
  │        2 ── DC ────────┤   SDA <-> MOSI, SCL <-> SCK
  │        4 ── RST ───────┤   VCC = 3V3, GND = GND
  │       32 ── CLK ────────┤ EC11   33 ── DT  25 ── SW/GND
  │       27 ── Din ────────┤ WS2812B  (5V + GND)
  │       14 ── SIG ────────┤ Buzzer   (GND)
  └────────────────────────────┘
```

> **7-pin ST7789 wiring recap:** connect the display's **SCL → ESP32 GPIO 18**,
> **SDA → GPIO 23**, **CS → 15**, **DC → 2**, **RST → 4**, **VCC → 3.3V**,
> **GND → GND**. The MFRC522 taps the same SCL/SDA lines (its own CS is GPIO 5).

- Keep SPI signal runs short (< 10 cm) for reliable 20 MHz display transfers.
- NTAG213/215 FPC stickers need to sit flat and close to the MFRC522 antenna.
- The **WS2812B** draws up to ~60 mA; power it from the 5V rail, never from a GPIO.

---

## Getting Started

### 1. Toolchain

Install ESP-IDF **v5.5** (any 5.x works): https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/get-started/

Verify:

```powershell
# Windows (Espressif "ESP-IDF 5.5 PowerShell" terminal)
. C:\Espressif\Initialize-Idf.ps1        # or: . $IDF_PATH\export.ps1
idf.py --version
```

> **Never used Espressif tools before? Skip ahead to
> "[Changing the Wi-Fi without the toolchain](#changing-the-wifi-without-the-toolchain)";**
> the section below is optional.

### 2. Build

```powershell
idf.py set-target esp32
idf.py build
```

The custom partition table (`partitions.csv`) reserves:

| Offset | Size | Subtype | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0x10000 | 2 MB | app/factory | firmware |
| 0x210000 | ~1.9 MB | data/littlefs | `/spiffs` cache (seeded from `storage/`) |

### 3. Configure Wi-Fi

Two equivalent ways:

```powershell
# a) interactive menu (recommended)
idf.py menuconfig        # -> "MTG RFID Companion" -> SSID + password

# b) edit the preset file directly
#    sdkconfig.defaults.esp32
```

Leaving the SSID empty (or keeping the `YOUR_...` placeholders) **disables
station mode**. The SoftAP pairing server runs regardless, so the device stays
usable as a fully standalone scanner — no home network required.

#### What "station mode disabled" actually means

The Wi-Fi radio still turns on, but only as an access point:

1. `wifi_manager_start()` sees the blank/placeholder SSID and returns early —
   it never calls `esp_wifi_connect()`, so the device won't try to join any
   router (and won't pretend to be online).
2. `web_server_start()` starts unconditionally: SoftAP **`MTG-Companion`** at
   `192.168.4.1` (own DHCP) plus the `/api/last_uid` and `/api/bind` endpoints.
3. `net_task` skips the 60-second connect wait **and** the boot-time prefetch.
   Card lookups only run when you explicitly trigger one, and those fail fast
   (no internet route) with a `scryfall` log line — they never block the UI.

#### What works and what doesn't

| Feature | In AP-only mode | Notes |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| RFID scanning, life counter, LED/buzzer | ✔ | fully local |
| Showing **already-cached** cards (art + stats) | ✔ | served from `/spiffs` |
| Binding a UID to a card name | ✔ | written to `/spiffs/mappings.json` immediately |
| **Scryfall lookup + art download** | ✘ | the device has no internet here; the fetch fails and is logged. It completes automatically on a later boot **with Wi-Fi configured** — the boot-time prefetch walks `mappings.json` and downloads anything missing |
| Scryfall autocomplete in the pairing page | ⚠️ | the AP doesn't pass internet through (no NAT). A phone with **cellular data keeps its mobile connection**, so autocomplete works there; on a device with no other internet path, type the exact card name manually |

> **Use case:** AP-only mode is the normal "deck on the table" flow — mid-game
> you almost never need live Scryfall lookups. When you do (new card, missing
> art), configure Wi-Fi once, boot briefly, and the binding + art cache update
> themselves via prefetch.

---

## Changing the Wi-Fi without the toolchain

> **If you're new to this and haven't installed any Espressif software yet,
> start here.**

The Wi-Fi network the device connects to is **baked into the firmware at
compile time** — there is no on-device settings menu yet. To change it you
must edit one text file and produce a new firmware image. Here is the shortest
ESPRESSIF-FREE path to do that, with zero drivers or toolchains.

### The one file you edit

Open **`sdkconfig.defaults.esp32`** in any text editor (Notepad is fine) and
find these two lines:

```
CONFIG_MTG_WIFI_SSID="YOUR_SSID_HERE"
CONFIG_MTG_WIFI_PASS="YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE"
```

Replace the placeholders with **your** network name and password, keeping the
quotes:

```
CONFIG_MTG_WIFI_SSID="MyHomeWiFi"
CONFIG_MTG_WIFI_PASS="correct horse battery staple"
```

- Keep the file **UTF-8 without BOM**, and don't add spaces inside the quotes.
- If your password has a `"` or `\` in it, this file format can't represent it
  (rare) — pick that one character out of the password or use the toolchain
  menu instead.
- Want to go back to offline-only later? Restore the `YOUR_...` placeholders
  and rebuild.

### Getting a new firmware image from this file

The repo cannot build firmware without the toolchain. Your options, easiest
first:

| Path | What's needed | How |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Ask whoever gave you the device** | a minute of their time | Send them the edited file; they run `idf.py build` and hand you a new `.bin` |
| **One-time toolchain install (~45 min, guided)** | the Espressif installer (free, Windows/macOS/Linux) | Follow the official guide: <https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/get-started/> then run the 5 commands in [Build](#2-build) |
| **CI build** (GitHub Actions etc.) | a GitHub account | The repo can build on `ubuntu` in CI; push the edited file and download the built `mtg-rfid-companion.bin` artifact |

### Flashing the new firmware (no toolchain needed)

Flash using **Espressif Flash Download Tool** (graphical, no toolchain):
<https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/get-started/linux-setup-scratch.html#esp32-flash-download-tool>
or `esptool.py` if you already have Python:

```
pip install esptool
esptool.py -p COM3 --chip esp32 --before default_reset write_flash --flash_mode dio --flash_size 4MB 0x1000 bootloader.bin 0x8000 partition-table.bin 0x10000 mtg-rfid-companion.bin
```

### TL;DR

1. Edit `sdkconfig.defaults.esp32` → 2. rebuild (yours or someone's toolchain) →
3. flash the `.bin` → 4. done. If you don't need your home Wi-Fi, **skip the
   whole thing**: the device works standalone and has its own AP.

---

### 4. Flash & watch

```powershell
idf.py -p COMx flash monitor      # COMx = your serial port
```

Expected boot log if everything is wired right:

```
I storage: LittleFS mounted at /spiffs: <size> bytes total ...
I storage: boot_count read back = 1 (persistence across reboots OK)
I rfid:    RC522 polling task pinned to Core 0
I display: ST7789 240x320 ready ...
I web:     SoftAP 'MTG-Companion' at 192.168.4.1, web server ready
I ui:      UI task on core 1
```

> **RFID reader missing / not wired? That's OK.** A reader self-test failure no
> longer aborts boot — the device logs a warning and continues into the display,
> SoftAP and web-pairing screens without card scanning:

---

## Usage

### Scan a card
Place a tagged card on the reader:
1. **Mapped UID** → chirp, mana-colored LED flash, then the card view (cover art + name/type/P·T/price/mana).
2. **Unknown UID** → registration screen with the pairing address.

### Life counter
Press the encoder button to toggle **SCANNER ↔ LIFE_COUNTER**. Rotate to adjust
(20/40 preset or whatever you last set; press again to reset to the preset).

### Web pairing (registration mode)
1. Connect your phone to the `MTG-Companion` access point. A phone with
   cellular data keeps its mobile internet, so Scryfall autocomplete works;
   otherwise type the name manually.
2. Open `http://192.168.4.1`.
3. Scan an unmapped card — the UID appears in the page.
4. Type / pick a Scryfall-autocomplete name → **Pair UID with card**.
5. The mapping persists to `/spiffs/mappings.json`. The card data/art fetch
   runs immediately if the device has Wi-Fi, or is picked up automatically by
   the boot-time prefetch the next time you boot with Wi-Fi configured.

---

## Storage Layout (`/spiffs`)

```
/spiffs/
├── mappings.json              UID -> Card Name map
├── cards/
│   ├── sample.json            example metadata
│   ├── sample.jpg             example cover art (baked into flash image)
│   ├── <UID>.json             Scryfall metadata cache
│   └── <UID>.jpg              cached cover art
```

The `storage/` folder is compiled into the LittleFS partition image at build
time (`littlefs_create_partition_image`), so a fresh flash already contains
`mappings.json` and the example art.

---

## Troubleshooting

| Symptom | Fix |
| :--- | :--- |
| Display = black / garbage | Check CS/DC/RST wiring; try toggling `esp_lcd_panel_invert_color` and `LCD_RGB_ELEMENT_ORDER_*` in `display_manager.c` |
| Colors inverted | Same toggle as above — panel clones differ |
| No UID printed on scan | Verify MFRC522 wiring, tag type (ISO14443A), antenna positioning; confirm `rfid: RC522 polling task pinned to Core 0` in the log |
| Boot log: `rc522: FIFO length missmatch` / `RTOS: RFID unavailable` | Reader self-test failed. Check the MFRC522 has 3.3V power (many clones have a separate power pin), CS=GPIO5 / RST=GPIO22, and SCK/MOSI/MISO=18/23/19. Try lowering `RC522_SPI_CLK_HZ` in `rfid_manager.c` (e.g. `2000000`); some clones need a slower clock on a shared bus |
| Wi-Fi never connects | Re-run `idf.py menuconfig`, confirm you replaced the `YOUR_...` placeholders |
| Scryfall autocomplete shows nothing | The AP has no internet passthrough — the phone needs its own mobile data connection, or type the card name manually |
| Can't reach 192.168.4.1 | Ensure your phone joined `MTG-Companion`, not a cached network |
| Card renders but no art | Card not cached yet — check `scryfall` log lines; art downloads are best-effort |
| App grows near 2MB | mbedTLS + HTTP pulls are large; if needed, enable `CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE` (smaller) |

---

## Project Layout

```
├── CMakeLists.txt              top-level; bakes LittleFS storage image
├── partitions.csv              custom partition table
├── sdkconfig.defaults          shared ESP32 defaults
├── sdkconfig.defaults.esp32    Wi-Fi credential preset (edit me)
├── storage/                    files pre-seeded into /spiffs
├── tools/                      host-side helpers (sample JPEG generator)
└── main/
    ├── hw_pins.h               GPIO assignments (authoritative)
    ├── spi_bus_manager.c       shared SPI2_HOST bus
    ├── storage_manager.c       LittleFS mount + JSON helpers
    ├── rfid_manager.c          MFRC522 / Core 0 polling
    ├── display_manager.c       ST7789 + fonts + streaming JPEG
    ├── ui_task.c               state machine + screens (Core 1)
    ├── wifi_manager.c          STA connect/reconnect
    ├── scryfall_client.c       Scryfall HTTPS + cache (net_task)
    ├── web_server.c            SoftAP pairing server
    ├── encoder.c               EC11 ISR decode
    ├── led_manager.c           WS2812B RMT
    ├── buzzer.c                LEDC PWM tones
    └── app_state.c             shared app/life-counter state
```

See `AGENTS.md` for the detailed architecture, core split, and coding
conventions used across this repository.